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                "Living creatures reproduce themselves for free, while industry’s raison d’être is profit."
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                "The Law of Life is opposed to the Law of Profit."
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                "La Ley de la Vida se opone a la Ley del Beneficio."
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                "Life exists thanks to the singularity of each organism, industry asserts itself through the uniformity of its goods."
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                "La vida existe gracias a la singularidad de cada organismo, la industria se impone a través de la uniformidad de sus mercancías."
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                "For industrial capitalism life is a two-fold sacrilege."
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                "Para el capitalismo industrial la vida es un doble sacrilegio."
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                "Over the last two centuries, vanquishing this double sacrilege has been the historic task that industrial capitalism has entrusted plant to plant breeders and agronomic sciences. This task is now almost completed. You only have to see the oversize, over-green industrial fields scored by the scars left by the wheels of tractors, in which no plant is higher than its neighbours, to realize that uniformity has triumphed. As to the other sacrilege, the patenting of life crowns two centuries of efforts aimed at putting an end to the founding practice of agriculture, that of resowing one’s own harvested seed. This means separating production from reproduction, and making reproduction the privilege of a few. Today this privilege belongs to the cartel of “life sciences” – the producers of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, larvicides, ovocides, gametocides, bactericides, molluscicides, rodenticides, acaricides, fungicides : the “Cartel of Cides”!"
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                "Durante los dos últimos siglos, vencer este doble sacrilegio ha sido la tarea histórica que el capitalismo industrial ha confiado a los y las fitomejoradoras y a las ciencias agronómicas. Esta tarea está ya casi culminada. Basta con ver los terrenos industriales desmesurados y exageradamente verdes, marcados por las cicatrices que dejan las ruedas de los tractores, en los que ninguna planta es más alta que las de al lado, para darse cuenta de que la uniformidad ha triunfado. En cuanto al otro sacrilegio, la patentación de la vida corona dos siglos de esfuerzos destinados a acabar con la práctica fundadora de la agricultura, la de resembrar la propia semilla cosechada. Esto conlleva separar la producción de la reproducción y hacer de la reproducción el privilegio de unos pocos. Hoy este privilegio pertenece al cártel de \"las ciencias de la vida\": los productores de pesticidas, herbicidas, insecticidas, larvicidas, ovocidas, gametocidas, bactericidas, molusquicidas, rodenticidas, acaricidas, fungicidas: ¡el \"Cártel de los Cidas\"!"
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                "Industrial selection is simple if you break through the genetic smokescreen. It consists of replacing a variety, the characteristic of which is being varied and therefore the opposite of uniformity, with copies of a selected plant within the variety – with clones. This signaled the death-bell for the sacrilege of diversity. There remained, however, the other sacrilege to be dealt with, which meant putting an end to reproduction free of charge. Already in its early days the new science of genetics achieved this miracle. The result was “hybrid” corn, the sacred cow of agronomic sciences and “paradigm” of plant breeding of the 20th century."
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                "La selección industrial es sencilla si se atraviesa la cortina de humo genética. Consiste en sustituir una variedad, cuya característica es ser variada y, por tanto, lo contrario de uniforme, por copias de una planta seleccionada dentro de la variedad - por clones. En ese momento sonó el cascabel de la muerte del sacrilegio de la diversidad. Sin embargo, aún quedaba el otro sacrilegio que había que afrontar, el de acabar con la reproducción libre y gratuito. Ya en sus inicios, la nueva ciencia genetista logró este milagro. El resultado fue el maíz \"híbrido\", la vaca sagrada de las ciencias agronómicas y \"paradigma\" de la mejora vegetal del siglo XX."
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                "In 1836, John Le Couteur, an English gentleman farmer - a capitalist who invested his capital in agricultural production - codified the technique of “isolation” practiced empirically since the turn of the century. Since we cultivate, he argues, varieties (the character of that which is varied, diversity) of plants, since each plant retains its individual characters, I will “isolate” in my fields the most promising plants to cultivate them. individually [1] and therefore reproduce and multiply them - to make copies, clones - to finally select the best clone and replace the variety. The technique of isolation is based on an unstoppable logical principle. There is always a gain in replacing a variety of “anything” with copies of a better “anything” isolated within the variety."
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                "En 1836, John Le Couteur, un granjero inglés -un capitalista que invertía su capital en la producción agrícola- codificó la técnica del \"aislamiento\" practicada empíricamente desde principios de siglo. Puesto que cultivamos, argumentaba el hacendado, variedades de plantas (cuyo carácter es lo variado, la diversidad), ya que cada planta conserva sus caracteres individuales, \"aislaré\" en mis campos las plantas más prometedoras para cultivarlas individualmente [1] y de ese modo reproducirlas y multiplicarlas -para hacer copias, clones- para finalmente seleccionar el mejor clon y sustituir la variedad. La técnica del aislamiento se basa en un principio lógico imparable. Irremediablemente, hay ganancia al sustituir una variedad de \"algo\" por las mejores copias de ese \"algo\", aisladas dentro de la variedad."
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                "It remains to put an end to the sacrilege of gratuity. An autogamous clone reproduces identically. The harvested grain is also the seed of the following year. It was not until the 1920s for this problem to find the beginnings of an administrative / legal solution in France and the 21st century for the patent to put an end to the scandal of free reproduction."
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                "Solamente faltaba acabar con sacrilegio de la gratuidad. Un clon autógamo se reproduce de forma idéntica. El grano cosechado es también la semilla del año siguiente. Hubo que esperar a los años 20 para que este problema encontrara el inicio de una solución administrativa/legal en Francia y el siglo XXI para que la patente pusiera fin al escándalo de la reproducción gratuita y libre."
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                "At the end of the 1920s French technocratic agronomists imposed a new system according to which varieties put on to the market must be “homogenous” and “stable”. Homogenous means that the plants must be phenotypically (visually) identical, while to be considered stable the same plant must be put on the market every year. This dual requirement means that the plants must be genetically identical or almost so. Their homogeneity and stability are controlled by an official body. If a new variety satisfies these criteria, it is registered in a Catalogue and the approved breeder receives a certificate which gives him the exclusive right to put the variety on to the market. In 1960 this mechanism was adopted by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) which has now been ratified by about sixty countries."
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                "A finales de los años 20, las y los agrónomos tecnócratas franceses impusieron un nuevo sistema según el cual las variedades que se comercializaban debían ser \"homogéneas\" y \"estables\". Homogéneo significa que las plantas deben ser fenotípicamente (visualmente) idénticas, mientras que para ser consideradas estables la misma planta debe salir al mercado cada año. Este doble requisito significa que las plantas deben ser genéticamente idénticas o casi idénticas. Su homogeneidad y estabilidad son controladas por un organismo oficial. Si una nueva variedad cumple estos criterios, se inscribe en un Catálogo y el o la botánica autorizada recibe un certificado que le otorga el derecho exclusivo a comercializar la variedad. En 1960, este mecanismo fue adoptado por la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV), que hasta ahora ha sido ratificada por unos sesenta países."
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                "The certificate protects the seed producer from “piracy” of his clones by competitors, but there were still too many farmers for the seed industry to dare to attack the “farmer’s privilege”. The certificate corresponded to the needs of traditional plant breeding companies run by agronomists passionate about their breeding work. Over the last thirty years, however, the “Cartel of Cides” has taken control over the world’s seeds. This cartel considers the farmer who sows the seeds he harvests to be a “pirate”. European directive 98/44 that authorizes the patenting of life is putting an end to this “piracy”."
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                "El certificado protege a quién las semillas de la \"piratería\" de sus clones por parte de sus competidores, pero todavía había demasiadas agricultoras y agricultores para que la industria de las semillas se atreviera a atacar el \"privilegio del agricultor\". El certificado respondía a las necesidades de las empresas tradicionales de mejora vegetal dirigidas por agrónomos y agrónomas apasionadas por su trabajo de mejora. Sin embargo, en los últimos treinta años, el \"Cártel de los Cides\" ha tomado el control de las semillas del mundo. Este cártel considera que el agricultor o la agricultora que siembra las semillas que cosecha es un \"pirata\". La directiva europea 98/44, que autoriza a patentar la vida, está poniendo fin a esta \"piratería\"."
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                "In 1900, the rediscovery of Mendel's laws extended the isolation method to corn. But in practice, it turns out to be so difficult, so improbable, that it was necessary to invent a biological phenomenon, always “unexplained and inexplicable [2]” - heterosis - to justify its implementation - then, as we we have seen, no justification is necessary! But “hybrid” corn puts an end to the double sacrilege and geneticists, breeders and breeders have been able to accredit and perpetuate the existence and their futile hunting of this genetic yeti."
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                "En 1900, el redescubrimiento de las leyes de Mendel llevó el método de aislamiento al maíz. Pero en la práctica, resulta tan difícil, tan improbable, que fue necesario inventar un fenómeno biológico, siempre \"inexplicado e inexplicable [2]\" -la heterosis- para justificar su aplicación -aunque, como hemos visto, ¡no se necesitan justificaciones! Pero el maíz \"híbrido\" pone fin al doble sacrilegio y los y las genetistas, las y los botánicos y reproductores han conseguido acreditar y perpetuar la existencia y su inútil persecución de este yeti genético."
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                "In summary, the history of industrial selection is that of mining by selection-cloning which destroys the diversity created by the friendly cooperation between peasants and nature since the beginnings of the domestication of plants and animals. Because the peasants did not wait for genetics to “improve” the plants. This is evidenced by the profusion of cultivated varieties (and animal breeds)."
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                "En resumen, la historia de la selección industrial es una historia de minería por selección-clonación que destruye la diversidad creada por la cooperación amistosa entre los y las campesinas y la naturaleza desde los inicios de la domesticación de plantas y animales. Porque las y los campesinos no esperaron a la genética para \"mejorar\" las plantas. Así lo demuestra la abundancia de variedades cultivadas (y de razas animales)."
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                "Genetics and breeding are separate activities. In the 1980s, I was fortunate enough to see a very great wheat breeder, Claude Benoît, at work in a disjunct wheat field. At first, for me, the plants were all the same. At the end of the day, I began to roughly distinguish them and understand Claude Benoît's selection criteria. “I was starting”, because Claude Benoît could not himself explain what made him retain this one rather than that one among the plants which seemed to me strictly similar. It is that selecting is based on an “uncoded” knowledge which cannot be made explicit or that it is with difficulty. The meticulous work of the breeder guided by experience, by a long familiarity with the plant, by empathy not to say the love that he and that she [3] has for him, by a sense acute observation, due to its agronomic knowledge, does not need the geneticist [4]. Rather, the esotericism of genetics serves to intimidate those who would like to make selection, to discourage them, to make them give up. As we have seen, the Geneticist, like other scientists, can make a mistake by deceiving us as long as he is not mistaken about the interests to be served."
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                "La genética y la reproducción son actividades distintas. En los años ochenta, tuve la suerte de ver trabajar a un gran mejorador de trigo, Claude Benoît, en un campo de trigo separado. Al principio, para mí, las plantas eran todas iguales. Al final del día, empezaba a distinguirlas, a grandes rasgos, y a comprender los criterios de selección de Claude Benoît. \"Empezaba\", porque el mismo Claude Benoît no era capaz de explicar qué le hacía escoger esta planta en lugar de aquella otra, entre plantas que a mí me parecían estrictamente semejantes. Lo que pasa es que la selección se basa en un conocimiento \"no codificado\" que no se puede explicitar o que lo hace con dificultad. El trabajo minucioso del o la botanista, guiada por la experiencia, por una larga familiaridad con la planta, por la empatía (por no decir el amor) que él o ella [3] le tiene, por un sentido agudo de la observación, debido a los conocimientos agronómicos, no necesita al genetista [4]. Al contrario, el esoterismo de la genética sirve para intimidar a las personas que se interesan a la selección, para desanimarlas, para hacerlas desistir. Como hemos visto, el o la genetista, al igual que otras u otros científicos, puede equivocarse engañando, siempre y cuando no se equivoque en los intereses a los sirve."
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                "There is no point in shedding crocodile tears over the collapse of cultivated biodiversity when all the dynamics of industrial capitalism tend towards it and the regulatory and legislative system and repression framing the production and sale of seeds imposes a single two centuries old breeding method."
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                "No tiene sentido derramar lágrimas de cocodrilo por el colapso de la biodiversidad cultivada cuando toda la dinámica del capitalismo industrial tiende a ello y el sistema normativo y legislativo y de represión que enmarca la producción y la venta de semillas impone un único método de cría de dos siglos de antigüedad."
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                "While waiting for the struggles against the infamy of the living patent to be successful, for a legal framework imposing a selection method for the destruction of diversity, enacted to industrialize agriculture and eliminate peasants, to expel the Cartel des Cides de la Vie, organizing collectively to cultivate diversity, share seeds, disseminate the corresponding know-how, as generations of peasants have done before us, are acts of survival all over the world as much as resistance and freedom. Kokopelli has shown the way. Longo Maï describes, step by step, how to reclaim our seeds and our future."
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                "A la espera de que triunfen las luchas contra la infamia de la patente de lo vivo, por un marco legal que imponga un método de selección para la destrucción de la diversidad, promulgado para industrializar la agricultura y eliminar a los y las campesinas, de que se expulse al \"Cartel de las Cidas de la vida\", organizarse colectivamente para cultivar la diversidad, compartir las semillas, difundir los conocimientos técnicos y prácticas, como han hecho generaciones de campesina y campesinos, son actos de supervivencia en todo el mundo tanto como de resistencia y de libertad. Kokopelli ha mostrado el camino. Longo Maï describe, paso a paso, cómo reclamar nuestras semillas y nuestro futuro."
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                "Jean-Pierre Berlan"
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                "former director of research, French National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA)"
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